African Romance

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African Romance, African Latin or Afroromance is an extinct Romance language that was spoken in the various coastal Mediterranean provinces of Roman North Africa by North African Romans under the later Roman Empire and its various post-Roman successor states in the region, including the Vandal Kingdom, the Byzantine-administered Exarchate of Africa and the Berber Mauro-Roman Kingdom. African Romance is poorly attested as it was mainly a spoken, vernacular language. There is little doubt, however, that by the early 3rd century AD, some native provincial variety of Latin was fully established in Northwestern Africa. After the conquest of North Africa by the Umayyad Caliphate in 709 AD, this language survived through to the 8th century in various regions along the North African coast and the immediate littoral, with evidence that it may have persisted up to the 14th century, and possibly even the 15th century, or later in certain areas of the interior.