Barlow's formula

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Barlow's formula (called "Kesselformel" in German) relates the internal pressure that a pipe can withstand to its dimensions and the strength of its material. This approximate formula is named after Peter Barlow, an English mathematician. P = 2 σ θ s D {\displaystyle P={\frac {2\sigma _{\theta }s}{D}}} , where P {\displaystyle P} : internal pressure, σ θ {\displaystyle \sigma _{\theta }} : allowable stress, s {\displaystyle s} : wall thickness, D {\displaystyle D} : outside diameter. This formula (DIN 2413) figures prominently in the design of autoclaves and other pressure vessels.