British Rail Class 86

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The British Rail Class 86 is a type of electric locomotives built during the mid-1960s. Developed as a standard electric locomotive from earlier prototype models, one hundred were built during 1965–66 to haul trains on the then newly-electrified West Coast Main Line (WCML) from London Euston to Birmingham, Crewe, Liverpool, Manchester, and later Preston and Glasgow. Introduction of the class enabled the replacement of many steam locomotives, which were finally withdrawn by British Rail (BR) in 1968. Under the earlier BR classification system, the type was given the designation AL6 and locomotives were numbered E3101–E3200. In 1968, this was changed to Class 86 when BR introduced the TOPS classification system. The class was built to haul passenger and freight trains alike on the WCML; however, some members of the class also saw use on the Great Eastern Main Line (GEML) between London Liverpool Street and Norwich, after the remainder of the line north of Colchester was electrified in the mid-1980s. The type has had a generally long and successful career, with some members of the class seeing main line service lives in Great Britain of up to 55 years. Most regular passenger duties of the class came to end on both the WCML and the GEML in the early-to-mid-2000s, after a career of up to 40 years. Some members of the class remained in use for charter work and for freight work with Freightliner until 2021. A number of the class were exported to Bulgaria and Hungary and remain in use. As of 2022, three Class 86s remain preserved in operational condition in Great Britain; all are in private ownership.