Dayr-e Gachin

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Deir-e Gachin Caravanserai (Persian: کاروانسرای دیر گچین) is a historic caravansarai in Iran, located in the center of Kavir National Park. Due to its historical significance and unique features, it is sometimes called the "Mother of Iranian Caravanserais." Situated in the Central District of Qom County, it lies 80 kilometers northeast of Qom (60 kilometers along the Garmsar Freeway) and 35 kilometers southwest of Varamin. This monument was added to Iran's National Heritage List on 23 September 2003. Along with 53 other sarais, Dayr-e Gachin was registered as The Persian Caravanserai of World Heritage Sites in 2023. Originally built during the Sasanian era, the caravanserai underwent restorations and reconstructions during the Seljuk, Safavid, and Qajar eras. Its current form dates back to the Safavid era. Deir-e Gachin Caravanserai is located on the ancient route from Ray to Isfahan. The structure of this caravanserai follows the Persian four-iwan design and spans an area of 12,000 square meters. The interior spaces include dedicated areas for people, livestock, services, convenience, and security. The caravanserai features four circular towers at each corner and two half-oval towers on either side of the main gate, which is located at the center of the southern wall. Inside, there are 44 rooms or chambers, four large halls (stables), a mosque, a private shabestan, a fodder barn, a gristmill, and bathroom facilities. The materials used in constructing Deir-e Gachin include brick, lime, adobe, and plaster. The mosque of the caravanserai likely occupies the site of a former Sasanian fire temple and has no decorative elements. Surrounding the caravanserai are various structures, including two ab anbars (water reservoirs) near the bathroom on the western side, a brick furnace, a dam, and a graveyard to the southwest with graves covered in bricks, dating back to the Islamic era. Additionally, there is...