Emiria Soenassa

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Emiria Soenassa (Enhanced Spelling: Emiria Sunassa, 5 August 1894 – 1964) was an Indonesian artist. Little is known about her early life, including her place of birth, though she claimed to be the daughter of the Sultan of Tidore. She travelled extensively from the 1910s through the 1930s, working variously as a secretary and nurse in Java, studying Dalcroze eurhythmics in Europe, and then holding various jobs from Sumatra to West Papua. In the late 1930s, she settled in Batavia (now Jakarta), where she took up painting while working as a secretary. She soon joined the Indonesian Painters Association (Persatuan Ahli Gambar Indonesia; PERSAGI), with whom she had her first exhibitions, and remained active until 1959. Emiria described art as her hobby, and has been variously identified as an autodidact and a mentee of the art critic Guillaume Frederic Pijper. She used various styles, experimenting with cubism and impressionism, though her works generally employed heavy brushstrokes. She most commonly painted indigenous peoples from eastern Indonesia, and gained a reputation as a primitivist who created dark and unsettling atmospheres. Though often labelled the "Mother of Indonesian Art", Emiria has also been marginalized in the Indonesian art canon.