Engineer Troops (Soviet Union)

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Engineer Troops of the USSR (Russian: Инженерные войска СССР) were special troops of the Soviet Armed Forces, designed for military engineer support: combat operations; engineering reconnaissance, and escort of troops (forces) in the offensive, and so on. The main purpose of military engineers is operational support during combat: mobility/counter-mobility. Engineering support for the military (combat) operations of the troops aims to create the necessary conditions for the troops covertly move forward, in a timely fashion, deploy, manoeuvre, successfully carry out combat missions, protect troops and facilities from all types of damage, inflict losses on the enemy, and to impede enemy actions. After the February and October Revolutions of 1917, during the organization of the Red Army and the fleet, sapper units of the former Russian Imperial Army were merged into the Red Army. In 1919, pontoon and electrical battalions, automobile units, camouflage companies, and a mine-blasting brigade were created. By 1929, the general formation of engineering troops in the Red Army was completed. On 22 June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. In October 1941, the post of chief of the Engineering Troops was established. During the course of the war, engineer troops built fortifications, created barriers, mined the terrain, ensured the maneuver of troops, made passages in enemy minefields, ensured the overcoming of enemy engineering barriers, forcing water barriers, participated in the assault on fortifications, cities, etc. During the Second World War, 10 sapper armies were created, later reorganized into brigades. V.I. Feskov et al 2013 lists 11 pontoon-bridge and 76 engineer sapper brigades in the Red Army in 1946, including the 1st Guards, 2nd Guards, 3rd Guards, 4th, 5th, and 6th Guards engineer brigades and other engineer brigades (including the 52nd, 55th, 56th, 57th, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, 64th, 65th, 67th, 68th, 69th, and 70th).