Flagrant foul

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In basketball, a flagrant foul or an unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul is a personal foul that involves excessive or violent contact that could injure the fouled player. A flagrant foul may be unintentional or purposeful; the latter type is also called an "intentional foul" in the National Basketball Association (NBA). However, not all intentional fouls are flagrant fouls, as it is an accepted strategy to intentionally commit a foul (without the intent to injure) in order to regain possession of the ball while minimizing how much time elapses on the game clock. The National Basketball Association (NBA) established the flagrant foul to deter contact that, in addition to being against the rules, puts an opponent's safety or health at risk. When the flagrant foul was introduced in the 1980–81 season, flagrant fouls were treated nearly identically to common personal fouls, except that the coach of the offended team could choose a player to shoot the resulting free throw attempts. Starting with the 1990–91 season, the offended team also retains possession of the ball after the free throws for the flagrant foul. The NBA defines two levels of flagrant fouls, flagrant foul—penalty (1) and flagrant foul—penalty (2). Flagrant 1 is "unnecessary contact committed by a player against an opponent", while the more serious Flagrant 2 is "unnecessary and excessive contact committed by a player against an opponent." Flagrant 2 results in an immediate ejection of the offender. Flagrant 1 does not result in the offender's ejection, unless the same player commits a second Flagrant 1 foul in the same game.