Giebichenstein Castle

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Giebichenstein Castle (German: Burg Giebichenstein) is a castle in Giebichenstein district of Halle (Saale) in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is part of the Romanesque Road (Strasse der Romanik). Being a Burgward in the 9th century, the castle became a royal residence of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, who gave it to the Archbishopric of Magdeburg which he had established in 968. Giebichenstein Castle served as the place of death or lying in state for three bishops: Bishop Adalbert in 981, Bishop Tagino in 1012, and later that same year, Bishop Walthard. In addition, Giebichenstein was used by King (later Emperor) Henry II as a state prison for members of the high nobility. Among the imprisoned were such notable figures as Henry of Schweinfurt (in 1004), Ezzo of Este (1014–1018), Ernest of Swabia (1027–1029), and Godfrey the Bearded. According to legend, the Thuringian Landgrave Louis the Springer, founder of the Ludovingian dynasty, was also imprisoned at Giebichenstein, although there is no historical evidence to support this. The significance of the castle is further emphasized by the presence of Henry IV at Giebichenstein in 1064. In 1157, Frederick I Barbarossa convened an assembly of princes at the castle. The decisive transformation of Giebichenstein from a burgward to a sovereign territory of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg took place under Archbishop Wichmann (1154–1192). Wichmann issued several charters at Giebichenstein starting in 1154. The oldest excavated wall remains on the upper castle also date from this period. A cohesive construction project on the previously undeveloped rocky outcrop included a gate tower, a curtain wall, and a southern tower. In addition to the narrow entrance through the massive Romanesque gate tower, there was apparently a second entrance on the eastern side. Another tower stood on the southern side. In 1215, King Frederick II is said to have...