Hromada

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Territorial hromada (територіальна громада [ɦrɔˈmɑdɐ] ; lit. 'territorial community') is the main type of municipality and the third level local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Government of Ukraine on 12 June 2020. A municipality is designated urban hromada if its administration is located in a city; settlement hromada if it is located in a settlement (selyshche), and rural hromada if it is located in a village (selo) or a settlement. Hromadas are grouped to form raions (districts); groups of raions form oblasts (provinces). Optionally, a municipality may be divided into starosta okruhs (similar to civil parishes in Great Britain or frazioni in Italy), which are the lowest level of local government in Ukraine. Similar terms exist in Poland (gromada) and in Belarus (hramada). The literal translation of this term is "community", similar to the terms used in western European states, such as Germany (Gemeinde), France (commune), Italy (comune), and Portugal (freguesia), or in several English-speaking countries (township).