Katipunan

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Katipunan (lit. 'Association'), officially known as the Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (lit. 'Supreme and Venerable Association of the Children of the Nation'; Spanish: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo) and abbreviated as the KKK, was a revolutionary organization founded in 1892 by a group of Filipino nationalists Deodato Arellano, Andrés Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa, José Dizon and Teodoro Plata. Its primary objective was achieving independence from the Spanish Empire through an armed revolution. It was formed as a secret society before its eventual discovery by Spanish authorities in August 1896. This discovery led to the start of the Philippine Revolution. Historians generally place the date of its founding in July 1892 shortly after the arrest and deportation of Filipino author and nationalist José Rizal to Dapitan in Mindanao. Rizal was one of the founders of the nascent La Liga Filipina, which aimed for a Filipino representation to the Spanish Parliament. Many members of the Katipunan, including Bonifacio himself, were members of that organization. However, recent discovery of documents of the organization suggest that the Katipunan may have been around by January 1892 but became active by July. Being originally formed as a secret society, the Katipunan had its members undergo through initiation rites similar to freemasonry. Membership to the organization was initially open only to men; however, women were eventually accepted. The Katipunan had a short-lived publication, Kalayaan (lit. 'Freedom'), which only saw printing in March 1896. During its existence, revolutionary ideals and works flourished, and Filipino literature was expanded by some of its prominent members. Existing documents suggest that the Katipunan had planned for an armed revolution since its founding, and initially sought support from Filipino intellectuals. In one such incident, Bonifacio planned a rescue for the deported José Rizal, and...