Kurt Wolff

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Kurt Wolff (3 March 1887 – 21 October 1963) was a German publisher, editor, writer, and journalist. Wolff was born in Bonn, Rhenish Prussia; his mother came from a Jewish-German family. He married Elisabeth Karoline Clara Merck (1890–1970), of the Darmstadt pharmaceuticals firm, in 1909. Together with Ernst Rowohlt, Wolff began to work in publishing in Leipzig in 1908. He was the first to promote and publish Franz Kafka and Franz Werfel but declined to publish the works of Axel Munthe. Wolff's close contact with other writers in Prague and his support for unknown, but talented, writers helped him to further the careers of Kafka's friends, Max Brod and Felix Weltsch, who were better known in Berlin and Germany. In 1929, Wolff published the photography book Face of Our Time by August Sander. In 1941 Wolff and his second wife, Helen Mosel, left Germany and emigrated to Paris, London, Montagnola, St. Tropez, Nice, and finally with the assistance of Varian Fry, to New York City. Later in Munich, Florence, and the United States, Wolff developed several publishing houses. In the U.S., he and Helen founded Pantheon Books in 1942, which became well known.