Luckner Cambronne

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Luckner James Cambronne (30 October 1930 – 24 September 2006) was a high-ranking political figure in François Duvalier's regime in Haiti. Cambronne was born the son of a poor preacher and had a career as a bank teller. His alliance with François Duvalier, the Haitian politician who became President of Haiti, led to Cambronne's rising to the number two position in power. In his political career, Cambronne started out as a messenger for Duvalier. After developing a reputation for enforcement and cruelty, he quickly rose in his administration. He served two terms in Parliament, being elected in 1961 and 1967, and was appointed Minister of the Interior (1963) and of National Defense (1971) under Duvalier. Cambronne became Duvalier's second in command and head of his fearsome private militia, popularly known as the Tonton Macoutes. Cambronne's reign was characterized by extensive embezzlement: the use of public funds for his personal businesses and enterprises. As head of the Tonton Macoutes, Cambronne led a campaign of state terrorism against all opposition, having opponents threatened, attacked, murdered and "disappeared". He was known as the "Vampire of the Caribbean" for his profiting from the sale of Haitian blood and cadavers to the West for medical uses.