Mamu (deity)

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Mamu (𒀭𒈠𒊬; also romanized as Mamud) was a Mesopotamian goddess associated with dreams. She was regarded as the daughter of the sun god Shamash (Utu) and could herself be called the "Utu of dreams". References to male Mamu are also known, though it has been proposed that they only represent a late change of gender attested for a number of other originally female deities as well. Mamu's name is derived from the word mamu, which means "dream" in Sumerian. As noted by Annette Zgoll, Sumerian has two words with that meaning which are not fully interchangeable. While the word mašĝi could designate any type of dream, mamu was specifically a meaningful dream, which was regarded as capable of influencing the future. The Assur Dream Ritual Compendium describes Mamu as dingir mamuda, "deity of dreams." In Mesopotamian religion, dream deities could act as messengers of other gods, and as such were believed to manifest in dreams to convey information, including visions of the future. Wilfred G. Lambert argued that Mamu's gender in sources such as the god list An = Anum, where she is directly described as dumu.munus, "daughter," was most likely influenced by the feminine grammatical gender of the Akkadian translation of her name, šuttu. References to male Mamu are also known.