Nabeshima clan

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The Nabeshima clan (鍋島氏, Nabeshima-shi) is a Japanese samurai clan associated with Hizen Province in north-western Kyushu. From the early seventeenth century until the abolition of the han system in 1871, its principal line ruled Saga Domain, while branches of the family ruled the Ogi, Hasunoike, and Kashima domains. The Nabeshimas rose to prominence as retainers of the Ryūzōji clan, to whom they were also closely related by marriage and descent. Nabeshima Naoshige's mother was a daughter of Ryūzōji Iesumi, the grandfather of Ryūzōji Takanobu, making Naoshige and Takanobu cousins. Their relationship was further strengthened when Takanobu's mother, Keigin-ni, remarried Naoshige's father, Nabeshima Kiyofusa, making the two men stepbrothers as well. After Takanobu was killed at the Battle of Okitanawate in 1584, Naoshige increasingly assumed responsibility for the administration of the Ryūzōji territories. The change was gradual rather than an immediate dynastic succession. When Ryūzōji Masaie retired in 1590, his young son Takafusa succeeded to the headship of the Ryūzōji family, while the administration of the territory remained in Naoshige's hands. After Takafusa and Masaie both died in 1607, Naoshige's son Nabeshima Katsushige succeeded to the former Ryūzōji position, establishing Nabeshima rule over Saga. In the 19th century, the tenth lord of Saga, Nabeshima Naomasa, carried out extensive fiscal, administrative, educational and military reforms. Saga developed Western-style artillery, expanded its domain school, strengthened the defence of Nagasaki, and constructed reverberatory furnaces for the production of cannon. The last lord of Saga, Nabeshima Naohiro, lost his feudal office with the abolition of the domains in 1871. He later studied in England, served as Japanese minister to Italy, and was created a Marquess under the kazoku peerage system.