Nguni peoples

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The Nguni peoples are an ethnolinguistic group of Bantu ethnic groups native to Southern Africa where they form the single largest ethnolinguistic community. Predecessors of the Nguni peoples migrated from Central Africa into Southern Africa during the late Iron Age, with offshoots in neighboring colonially-created countries in Southern Africa. Swazi (or Swati) people live in both South Africa and Eswatini, while Ndebele people live in both South Africa and Zimbabwe. The Xhosa, local to the Eastern Cape, established tribal sub-federations—the Gcaleka, Rharhabe, and Gqunukhwebe—in the 16th century. The homeland of the Xhosa people is marked by lands in the Eastern Cape from the Great Kei up to Umzimkhulu near Natal, bordered by the frontier of an expanding Dutch Cape Colony. Both the Matabele of Western Zimbabwe and the Ngoni migrated northward out of South Africa in the early 19th century, during a politically tumultuous era that included the Mfecane and Great Trek. In South Africa, the regions historically comprising the territories of the Ndebele, Swazi, Xhosa, and Zulu Kingdoms are located in the latter-day provinces of the Eastern Cape, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga. The most notable of these kingdoms are the Zulu Empire founded by Shaka, a warrior-king whose conquest took place in the early nineteenth century, and the Xhosa Kingdom, infamous for its fierce opposition to colonization in the Frontier Wars. Overall, the Nguni cultural group is made up of the abaMbo, AmaLala (Mthethwa Paramountcy), AmaNtungwa (Zulu), AmaHlubi (Radebe), Xhosa, AmaThonga (Ndwandwe), Ngoni, Swati and Ndebele ethnic groups. In Zimbabwe, the Ndebele people live primarily in the province of Matabeleland.