Portonaccio

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42°01′16″N 12°23′27″E / 42.02111°N 12.39083°E / 42.02111; 12.39083 The sanctuary of Minerva at Portonaccio is an archaeological site on the western side of the plateau on which the ancient Etruscan city of Veii, north of Rome, Italy, was located. The site takes its name from the locality within the village of Isola Farnese, part of Municipio XX, city of Rome. It is important for the elaborate polychrome terracotta decoration that was found here with a quantity and quality unparalleled in Etruscan art, much of which can be seen in the National Etruscan Museum, in the Villa Giulia, Rome. The sanctuary complex was built in the 7th century BC in a cutting on the side of the hill over which the city wall of Veii towered. One of the richest sources of Etruscan artifacts (pottery and other objects inscribed in Etruscan and terra cotta statuary and other decorative elements), it contained two main structures, one a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Menerva (Etruscan spelling) and the other a temple that had statues of Turms, Hercle, Apollo (the Apollo of Veii) and Leto on the roof, which has come to be regarded as a temple of Apollo. Next to the temple of Apollo was a rectangular pool and a well provided water. The site has been left wooded, as it was in ancient times, when surrounded by a sacred grove and a wall. The roof of the temple of Apollo has been restored on one side. The site was excavated in modern times by Massimo Pallottino in the 1940s and published decades later by the first and second generation of his students. The Portonaccio Sanctuary of Minerva was the first Tuscan–type, i.e., Etruscan, temple erected in Etruria (about 510 BCE).