Quranic createdness

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In Islamic theology, createdness of the Quran (Arabic: خلق القرآن, romanized: khalq al-qurʾān) is the doctrinal position that the Quran was created rather than having always existed (thus being "uncreated"). One of the main areas of debate in aqida (Muslim theology) was the divine attribute of kalam (lit. word, speech) revealing itself through wahy (revelation). Kalam is a counterpart to 'aql (Greek logos, "word", and thus "reason"). If the aql was part of God's essence or nature, then the Quran must therefore not be created. On the other hand, the Quran is written in Arabic (human speech) in the Arabic script, neither of which is eternal. The dispute over which position was factual became a significant point of contention in early Islam. The rationalist philosophical school known as the Mu'tazilites are best known for their belief that the Qur'an is God's "created" word, instead of pre-existing with God himself since eternity. The Jahmites negated all the attributes of God, and believed that God could not speak, hence the Quran was not the literal word of God. It was instead a metaphor for his will. In the Muslim world today, Sunni Muslims argue that the Quran is uncreated while Shia Muslims argue for the createdness of the Quran.