Rhododendrol

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Rhododendrol (RD) also called 4-[(3R)-3-hydroxybutyl]phenol (systemic name), is an organic compound with the formula C10H14O2. It is a naturally occurring ingredient present in many plants, such as the Rhododendron. The phenolic compound was first developed in 2010 as a tyrosinase inhibitor for skin-lightening cosmetics. In 2013, after rhododendrol reportedly caused skin depigmentation in consumers using RD-containing skin-brightening cosmetics, the cosmetics were withdrawn from the market. The skin condition, caused by RD, is called RD-induced leukoderma. Rhododendrol exerts melanocyte cytotoxicity via a tyrosinase-dependent mechanism. It has been shown to impair the normal proliferation of melanocytes through reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of GADD45. It is now well established that rhododendrol is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. Rhododendrol occurs as the glucoside rhododendrin in leaves of the Rhododendron (Ericacae), and it naturally occurs as a phenolic compound in plants such as Acer nikoense, Betula platyphylla, and the Chinese red birch Betula Alba. The compound can be obtained from alkylation of phenols (C6H5OH).