Ridder (title)

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Ridder ([ˈrɪdər]; English: "Knight", French: Chevalier) is a noble title in Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands. In modern usage, it denotes the second lowest rank within the nobility, standing below Baron, but above the untitled nobility (Jonkheer) in these countries. Prior to 1814 in the Low Countries, ridder was the highest rank within the nobility, ranking below the head of state and above the lords and untitled nobility. "Ridder" is a literal translation of Latin Eques and originally meant "horseman" or "rider". For its historical association with warfare and the landed gentry in the Middle Ages, it can be considered roughly equal to the titles of "Knight" or "Baronet". In the Netherlands and Belgium no female equivalent exists. The collective term for its holders, in a certain area as an executive and legislative assembly, is named the Ridderschap (e.g. Ridderschap of Holland, Ridderschap of Friesland, etc.). In modern times, the title of Ridder is often associated with certain orders of knighthood or decorations conferred by the reigning monarch or government to individuals for exceptional accomplishments in various fields such as arts, sciences, philanthropy, or public service.