Ronggeng

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Ronggeng (from Javanese ꦫꦺꦴꦁꦒꦺꦁ 'ronggèng') is a type of Javanese dance in which couples exchange poetic verses as they dance to the music of a rebab or violin and a gong. Ronggeng originated in Java, Indonesia. Ronggeng has probably existed in Java since ancient times, as the bas reliefs in the Karmawibhanga section of the eighth-century Borobudur display the scene of a travelling entertainment troupe with musicians and female dancers. In Java, a traditional ronggeng performance features a travelling dance troupe that travels from village to village. The dance troop consists of one or several professional female dancers, accompanied by a group of musicians playing musical instruments: rebab and gong. The term "ronggeng" also applied for this female dancers. During a ronggeng performance, the female professional dancers are expected to invite some male audience members or clients to dance with them as a couple in exchange for some tips money for the female dancer, given during or after the dance. The couple dances intimately, and the female dancer might perform some movements that might be considered too erotic by the standard of modesty in Javanese court etiquette. In the past, the erotic and sexual nuance of the dance gave ronggeng a shady reputation as prostitution disguised in the art of dance. Ronggeng is the main theme of Ahmad Tohari's novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, which tells the story of a dancer girl who is also a prostitute, in a remote village in Central Java. Ronggeng is closely related to Sundanese Jaipongan dance. Apart from that, Javanese ronggeng also influenced the art of the Sula people, which is known as ronggeng gala.