Russian legislative elections

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Russian legislative elections are a procedure of determining the composition of the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, for the next five years through universal, direct, and secret voting of 450 deputies. As of 2021, these elections have been held eight times: Elections of the 1st convocation of the State Duma: 12 December 1993; Elections of the 2nd convocation of the State Duma: 17 December 1995; Elections of the 3rd convocation of the State Duma: 19 December 1999; Elections of the 4th convocation of the State Duma: 7 December 2003; Elections of the 5th convocation of the State Duma: 2 December 2007; Elections of the 6th convocation of the State Duma: 4 December 2011; Elections of the 7th convocation of the State Duma: 18 September 2016; Elections of the 8th convocation of the State Duma: 19 September 2021. According to the current Russian legislation, 225 from the 450 mandates of the State Duma are distributed among the lists of political parties that received more than 5% of the votes. The other 225 are the winners of elections in single-mandate constituencies. The elections of 1993–2003 and 2016–2021 were held according to this scheme. In 2007 and 2011, the threshold was 7% and all 450 members of the Duma were elected by party lists.