Sartono

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Raden Mas Sartono (5 August 1900 – 15 October 1968) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer who served as the inaugural speaker of the House of Representatives from 1950 until his resignation in 1960. During his career in government, Sartono also served as a cabinet minister, acting president, and vice chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council (DPA) under President Sukarno. He was also active in the Indonesian nationalist movement. Born into a Javanese family of noble descent, Sartono studied law at Leiden University. During his studies, he became a member of the Perhimpoenan Indonesia association. After graduating, Sartono worked as an advocate and helped found the Indonesian National Party (PNI) in 1927. He unsuccessfully defended the party's leaders when they were arrested by the colonial government. In 1931, Sartono founded a new party, Partindo, which sought to achieve Indonesian independence through mass action and non-cooperation, but repression from the colonial government led to its dissolution in 1936. He then helped found another party, Gerindo, which advocated for self-determination and the creation of an Indonesian parliament. Following the successful Japanese invasion in 1942, Gerindo would be dissolved and Sartono briefly left politics. During the Japanese occupation, he returned to politics and was involved in the Central Advisory Council and Putera organizations, both of which were Japanese-sponsored. He also became a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence. After the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, he was appointed a state minister in the Presidential Cabinet. As minister, he was dispatched to the Yogyakarta Sultanate and Surakarta Sunanate to strengthen support for the Indonesian government there. During the subsequent Indonesian National Revolution, Sartono became a member of a re-established PNI, served in the Central Indonesian National Committee, and advised the Indonesian delegation of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. In...