Shaykhism

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Shaykhism (Arabic: الشيخية, romanized: al-Shaykhiyya), also known as Ihqaqism, Awhadism or Kirmanism, is a term used by Shia Muslims for the followers of Shaykh Ahmad in early 19th-century Qajar Iran and the Khalid Emirate. While grounded in traditional Twelver Shiʻi doctrine, Shaykh Ahmad's ideas diverged from the Usuli school in the source of jurisprudential authority, and the hermeneutic to be employed in interpreting prophecy and the writings of the Twelver Imams, believing in the mystical Marjaiyyah of a uniform Shaykh, who provides for epistemology via hierophantic knowledge derived from deep study of "high ma'arifah." These divergences resulted in controversy and ongoing accusations of heresy from Usulis and Akhbaris. It has been described as a mystical strand of Twelver Shi'a Islam. As of 2001, there remained a following in Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Pakistan.