soberania digital

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Digital sovereignty (also referred to as technological sovereignty, cyber sovereignty, or data sovereignty) is the concept that a state, organisation, or individual should possess meaningful control over the digital infrastructure, data, hardware, and software upon which it depends. It encompasses the capacity to regulate digital markets, protect citizens' data, ensure cybersecurity resilience, and reduce structural dependence on foreign technology providers, particularly from dominant US and Chinese multinational technology companies. The concept has gained significant political traction globally since the early 2010s, particularly in the European Union, and the Global South, as governments seek to balance the benefits of a globalised internet with the imperatives of national security, economic competitiveness, and democratic governance. There is much variation due to differing regional interests. The EU pursues a regulatory and rights-based approach; the United States has historically championed a multi-stakeholder, open-internet model while asserting extraterritorial jurisdiction through domestic law; and states such as China and Russia have adopted a statist model of strict internet control. Aspects of digital sovereignty include technical sovereignty, data sovereignty and Internet governance, as well as digital self-determination and digital integrity.