Spotted Elk

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Spotted Elk (Lakota Uŋpȟáŋ Glešká; c. 1826 – ( 1890-12-29)December 29, 1890) was a Chief of the Miniconjou-Lakota-Sioux. He was a son of Lone Horn and became a Chief upon his father's death. He was a highly renowned Chief with skills in war and negotiations. Spotted Elk was also referred to as "Big Foot” Sí Tȟáŋk), a derisive name he obtained from an American soldier at Fort Bennett (from Lakota:Sí for “foot,Tȟáŋka for “big”). In 1890, Spotted Elk was killed by the U.S. Army at Wounded Knee Creek, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (Chankwe Opi Wakpala, Wazí Aháŋhaŋ Oyáŋke), South Dakota with at least 150 members of his tribe, during the infamous Wounded Knee Massacre. The word elk in Spotted Elk's name is uŋpȟáŋ in Lakota language and means elk-cow. There are two gendered terms for elk in Lakota language - heȟáka - male/buck, with antlers, and uŋpȟáŋ, female, referred to as 'cow' in English. Newborn elk, like deer are spotted as natural camouflage, but spotted (glešká) adult female elk are exceptionally rare in nature. Anthropologist and ethnohistorian Raymond J. DeMallie's census data list Uŋpȟáŋwiŋ as the term for "(Female) Elk," used as a name element alongside Heȟáka, "(Male) Elk." Animal names of this kind form the largest single semantic category in his sample, accounting for 46 percent of men's names and 25 percent of women's.