Subject and object (philosophy)

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In philosophy, a subject is a being that exercises agency, undergoes conscious experiences, such as seeing and hearing, and is situated in relation to other things that exist outside itself; thus, a subject is any individual, person, or observer. Also in philosophy, an object is any of the things observed or experienced by a subject, physical objects such as chairs, clouds, and the Moon, and may even include other beings (thus, from their own points of view: other subjects). A simple common differentiation for subject and object is: an observer versus a thing that is observed. In certain cases involving personhood, subjects and objects can be considered interchangeable where each label is applied only from one or the other point of view. Subjects and objects are related to the philosophical distinction between subjectivity and objectivity: the existence of knowledge, ideas, or information either dependent upon a subject (subjectivity) or independent of any subject (objectivity).