Takkanah

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A takkanah (Hebrew: תקנה, romanized: taqqānā, pl. takkanot, 'improvement') is a major legislative enactment within halakha, the normative system of Judaism's laws. A takkanah is an enactment that revises an ordinance that no longer satisfies the requirements of the times or circumstances or which, being deduced from a biblical passage, may be regarded as new. A takkanah is enacted by a rabbinical decree or ordinance to improve and preserve religious life. It is, therefore, the antithesis of the gezerah (Hebrew: גְּזֵרָה, romanized: gǝzērā). The term is applied also to the institution provided for in the enactment. Takkanot were enacted even in the time of the Second Temple, those of unknown origin being ascribed to earlier leaders, and they have been promulgated at all subsequent periods of Jewish history. Classical Jewish law granted the Chazal, the first rabbinical authorities, wide legislative powers. There are two powerful legal tools within the Halakhic system: However, taqqanah can refer to either gezerot or taqqanot in later literature. Taqqanot, in general, do not affect or restrict observance of mitzvot. However, the Talmud states that in exceptional cases, the Jewish sages had the authority to make a gezera even if it would "uproot a matter from the Torah".