Western Qin

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The Western Qin (Chinese: 西秦; pinyin: Xī Qín; 385–400, 409–431 AD) was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Qifu clan of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms. All rulers of the Western Qin declared themselves "wang", which can be translated as either "king" or "prince." They ruled an area corresponding to modern-day southwestern Gansu in Northwest China, also known as the Longxi region, along with parts of northeastern Qinghai in the later years. The state went by various different names as their rulers opted for lesser peerages while they were acting as vassals, and they were only known as "Qin" (秦) from 395 to 400 AD, from 409 to 411 AD and from 414 to 431 AD. The Western Qin was briefly discontinued in 400 AD after Qifu Gangui surrendered to the Later Qin before it was revived in 409 AD. They also frequently shifted their capital from time to time, with Fuhan (枹罕, in modern Linxia, Gansu) as their longest-serving capital at 18 years without interruption. They are given the prefix of "Western" in historiography to distinguish them with the Former Qin and Later Qin as they were situated to the west of the two states.