Zinc phosphide

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Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) is an inorganic chemical compound. It is a grey solid, although commercial samples are often dark or even black. It is used as a rodenticide. Zn3P2 is a II-V semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.5 eV and may have applications in photovoltaic cells. A second compound exists in the zinc-phosphorus system, zinc diphosphide (ZnP2). Zinc phosphide can be prepared by the reaction of zinc with phosphorus; however, for critical applications, additional processing to remove arsenic compounds may be needed. Another method of preparation include reacting tri-n-octylphosphine with dimethylzinc. Zinc phosphide reacts with water to produce highly toxic phosphine (PH3) and zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2): Zn3P2 has a room-temperature tetragonal form that converts to a cubic form at around 845 °C. In the room-temperature form there are discrete P atoms, zinc atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated and phosphorus six coordinate, with zinc atoms at 6 of the vertices of a distorted cube. The crystalline structure of zinc phosphide is very similar to that of cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2), zinc arsenide (Zn3As2) and cadmium phosphide (Cd3P2).