Constans II

Constans II (Greek: Κώνστας, romanized: Kōnstās; 7 November 630 – 15 July 668), regnal name Constantine (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, romanized: Kōnstantīnos, lit. 'Constantinus'), also called "the Bearded" (Greek: ὁ Πωγωνᾶτος, romanized: ō Pōgōnãtos), was the Byzantine emperor from 641 to 668. Constans was the last attested emperor to serve as consul, in 642, although the office continued to exist until the reign of Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912). His religious policy saw him steering a middle line in disputes between the Orthodox and Monothelites by refusing to persecute either and prohibited discussion of the natures of Jesus Christ under the Typos of Constans in 648. His reign coincided with Arab invasions under Umar, Uthman, and Mu'awiya I in the late 640s to 660s. Constans was the first emperor to visit Rome since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and the last one to visit Rome while the Empire still held it.