Transilien

Transilien (pronounced [tʁɑ̃siljɛ̃]) is the brand name given to the commuter rail and tram-train network operated by SNCF and serving Île-de-France, the region surrounding and including the city of Paris. The network consists of lines H, J, K, L, N, P, R, U and V that begin and end in major Parisian stations, except for lines U and V which connect major stations outside the Paris city borders. The network also includes the RER, the trains that cross the centre. The Transilien brand was established on 20 September 1999 as a way to unify the suburban network that existed since the late nineteenth century. The name "Transilien" is a derivative of Francilien, the demonym for people living in Île-de-France. As part of the rebranding effort, stations and rolling stock were modernized. The area covered does not correspond exactly with the boundaries of the Île-de-France region, with some lines crossing into other regions. On the other hand, some stations located at the margins of the Île-de-France region, are not served by Transilien routes, but instead TER trains from neighboring regions. Transilien trains operate over tracks owned by SNCF Réseau (formerly RFF) and the same tracks are used by mainline passenger trains (TGV and Intercités), by other transport operators (Renfe, Deutsche Bahn, Eurostar, and Venice-Simplon Orient Express) and by freight trains. The Transilien brand can also be seen on the RER C, D and E lines and tramway line 4, which are operated by the same division of SNCF.