Service robot

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Service robots assist human beings, typically by performing a job that is dirty, dull, distant, dangerous or repetitive (four Ds of robotization). They typically are autonomous or operated by a built-in control system, with manual override options. The term "service robot" does not have a strict technical definition. The International Organization for Standardization defines a "service robot" as a robot "that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding industrial automation applications". Joseph F. Engelberger, known as the "father of the robot arm", developed the first industrial robot arm, "Unimate" using George Devel. According to ISO 8373, robots require "a degree of autonomy", which is the "ability to perform intended tasks based on current state and sensing, without human intervention". For service robots, this ranges from partial autonomy – including human–robot interaction – to full autonomy – without active human–robot intervention. The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) statistics for service robots therefore include systems based on some degree of human–robot interaction or even full teleoperation as well as fully autonomous systems. Service robots are categorized according to personal or professional use. They have many forms and structures as well as application areas.